Vascular Plants Australian Plant Name Index (APNI)

The Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) is a tool for the botanical community that deals with plant names and their usage in the scientific literature, whether as a current name or synonym. APNI does not recommend any particular taxonomy or nomenclature. For a listing of currently accepted scientific names for the Australian vascular flora, please use the Australian Plant Census (APC) link above.

Name search
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name

You will get suggestions as you type in your query, they tell you what your query will return, and you can select one for an exact match.
The query is not case sensitive.
This search uses an automatic wild card at the end of the query to match all endings (unless the query is in double quotes).
The query is an ordered set of search terms, so viola l. will match "Viola L." and "Viola L. sect Viola."
Putting double quotes around your entire query will cause it to be matched exactly (except case). e.g. "Viola L." will match just Viola L.
You can use a % as a wild card inside the search query e.g. hakea elon% be or "hakea % var. elon% benth." to find "Hakea ceratophylla var. elongata Benth."

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Pick the types of name to include. If none are checked, then Scientific and cultivated plant names will be included.

Scientific names

Names of cultivated plants

Other names, e.g. common

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The total number of results available will also be displayed.

Showing Solanum nodiflorum

Solanaceae Juss.

Solanum nodiflorum Jacq.

, legitimate

, scientific

Jacquin, N.J. von (1789), Collectanea 2

:

288

[tax. nov.]

Type: "Crescit in insula Mauritii, apud nos floret integrum annum."

Symon, D.E. (1967), Alien Solanums in Australia.

Australian Weeds Research Newsletter

:

26

[secondary reference]

Turner, J.S., Smithers, C.N. & Hoogland, R.D. (1968), The conservation of Norfolk Island

:

36

[secondary reference]

Edmonds, J.M. (1971), Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 52

:

634

[basionym]

basionym of:

Solanum americanum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Edmonds

legitimate

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1972), Flora of the Sydney Region Edn. 2

:

488

[secondary reference]

Willis, J.H. (1973), A Handbook to Plants in Victoria Edn. 2, 2

:

550-551

[secondary reference]

common name:

Nightshade

[n/a]

Henderson, R.J.F. (1974), Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) and Related Species in Australia.

Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium

:

28

[secondary reference]

Lectotype: "cultivated Vienna, hb. Jacquin (Lectotype BM, not seen, photo BRI)"

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales

:

203

[secondary reference]

Symon, D.E. (14 August 1981), A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia.

Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens

:

37

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Purdie, R.W., Symon, D.E. & Haegi, L. in George, A.S. (ed.) (1982), Solanaceae.

Flora of Australia

:

95

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Green, J.W. (1985), Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia Edn. 2

:

149

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Gray, M. & Michael, P.W. (1986), List of plants collected at the old Flemington Saleyards, Sydney, New South Wales.

Plant Protection Quarterly

:

140

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Ross, E.M. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Solanaceae.

Flora of South-eastern Queensland

:

414

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Wheeler, J.R. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987), Solanaceae.

Flora of the Perth Region

:

534

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Henderson, R.J.F. (5 October 1988), New combinations for Solanum americanum Miller (Solanaceae) in Australia and New Zealand.

Austrobaileya

:

555

[basionym]

basionym of:

Solanum americanum subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) R.J.F.Hend.

legitimate

Conn, B.J. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Solanaceae.

Flora of New South Wales

:

356

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Green, P.S. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (1994), Norfolk Island & Lord Howe Island.

Flora of Australia

:

299

[misapplied]

misapplied to: Solanum americanum subsp. nutans (R.J.F.Hend.) R.J.F.Hend. legitimate by

Turner, J.S., Smithers, C.N. & Hoogland, R.D. (1968), The conservation of Norfolk Island

: 36

Jeanes, J.A. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Solanaceae.

Flora of Victoria

:

348

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2006), Australian Plant Census

:

-

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2009), Australian Plant Census

:

-

[secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym:

Solanum americanum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) Edmonds

legitimate

nomenclatural synonym:

Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. subsp. nodiflorum

legitimate

nomenclatural synonym:

Solanum americanum subsp. nodiflorum (Jacq.) R.J.F.Hend.

legitimate

taxonomic synonym:

Solanum oleraceum Dunal ex Poir.

legitimate

taxonomic synonym:

Solanum nodiflorum subsp. nutans R.J.F.Hend.

legitimate

taxonomic synonym:

Solanum americanum subsp. nutans (R.J.F.Hend.) R.J.F.Hend.

legitimate

pro parte misapplication: Solanum nigrum L. legitimate by

Bentham, G. (16 December 1868), Flora Australiensis 4

: 446 pro parte misapplication: Solanum pterocaulum Dunal nom. illeg., nom. superfl. by

Cheel, E. (1917), Notes on the "Common Nightshade" (Solanum nigrum Linn.) and some closely related forms and species that have been confused with it.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales

42

: 595 pro parte misapplication: Solanum astroites G.Forst. legitimate by

Cheel, E. (1917), Notes on the "Common Nightshade" (Solanum nigrum Linn.) and some closely related forms and species that have been confused with it.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales

42

: 595 pro parte misapplication: Solanum nigrum var. pterocaulum Domin isonym by

Domin, K. (September 1928), Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens.

Bibliotheca Botanica

22(89)

: 1127 misapplication: Solanum nigrum L. legitimate by

Maiden, J.H. (1898), Observations on the vegetation of Lord Howe Island.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales

23(2)

: 150 misapplication: Solanum americanum Mill. legitimate by

Symon, D.E. (14 August 1981), A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia.

Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens

4

: 37-40 misapplication: Solanum americanum Mill. legitimate by

Conn, B.J. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Solanaceae.

Flora of New South Wales

3

: 356 misapplication: Solanum americanum Mill. legitimate by

Jeanes, J.A. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Solanaceae.

Flora of Victoria

4

: 348, Fig. 67a

APC Comment: The correct name for the taxon represented in Australia has been the subject of debate for some time. Both the names Solanum americanum and S. nodiflorum have been applied to Australian material in recent literature, with consensus favouring S. americanum (e.g. see D.E.Symon, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4: 37 (1981), R.J.F.Henderson, Austrobaileya 2: 55 (1988)). However, M.L.K. Manoko et al., Pl. Syst. Evol. 267: 1-11 (2007) suggest that Australian material represents S. nodiflorum, a taxon widely distributed in tropical areas and distinct from S. americanum, considered to be confined to the Americas. Treated as Solanum americanum in NSW and as S. americanum subsp. nutans on LHI and NI by P.S.Green, Fl. Australia 49: 298 (1994).
APC Dist.: WA, CoI, ChI, NT (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), LHI (naturalised), NI (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (doubtfully naturalised)

de Salas, M.F. & Baker, M.L. (2016), Tasmanian vascular plant census.

A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island

:

78

[secondary reference]

misapplication: Solanum americanum Mill. legitimate by

Buchanan, A.M. in Buchanan, A.M. (ed.) (2004), A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania

: 53

Särkinen, T., Poczai, P., Barboza, G.E., van der Weerden, G.M., Baden, M. & Knapp, S. (2018), A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae).

:

51

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Baker, M.L., Wapstra, M. & Lawrence, D. (20 August 2019), An annotated census of the lesser-known naturalised plants of Tasmania.

:

55

BHL

[secondary reference]

common name:

small-flowered nightshade

[n/a]

Brown, G.K. & Bostock, P.D. (December 2019), Appendix A: New names and name and status changes 2018 to 2019.

Introduction to the Census of the Queensland Flora 2019

:

12

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (7 July 2021), Australian Plant Census

:

-

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Solanum americanum Mill.

legitimate