Vascular Plants
Australian Plant Name Index (APNI)
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The Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) is a tool for the botanical community that deals with plant names and their usage in the scientific literature, whether as a current name or synonym. APNI does not recommend any particular taxonomy or nomenclature. For a listing of currently accepted scientific names for the Australian vascular flora, please use the Australian Plant Census (APC) link above.
Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl
Cirsium vulgare ( Savi) Ten.
, legitimate , scientific
Tenore, M. (1836) , Flora Napolitana ossia Descrizione delle Piante indigene del Regno di Napoli 5 :
209
[comb. nov.]
basionym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
Black, J.M. & Robertson, E.L. (1957) , Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 4 :
933, Fig. 1237
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Cirsium lanceolatum ( L.) Scop.
nom. illeg.
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962) , Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains :
379
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Curtis, W.M. (1963) , Angiospermae: Lythraceae to Epacridaceae. The Student's Flora of Tasmania 2 :
376-377
[secondary reference]
taxonomic synonym:
Cirsium lanceolatum ( L.) Scop.
nom. illeg.
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Burbidge, N.T. & Gray, M. (1970) , Flora of the Australian Capital Territory :
392, Fig. 391.
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. & Leigh, J.H. (1981) , Plants of Western New South Wales :
723
[secondary reference]
common name:
Scotch Thistle
[n/a]
common name:
Bull Thistle
[n/a]
common name:
Black Thistle
[n/a]
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981) , Plants of New South Wales :
75
[secondary reference]
taxonomic synonym:
Carduus lanceolatus L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Cirsium lanceolatum ( L.) Scop.
nom. illeg.
Jessop, J.P. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981) , Compositae (Asteraceae) - most genera. Flora of Central Australia :
412, Fig. 532
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spear thistle
[n/a]
Green, J.W. (1985) , Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia Edn. 2 :
165
[secondary reference]
Gray, M. & Michael, P.W. (1986) , List of plants collected at the old Flemington Saleyards, Sydney, New South Wales. Plant Protection Quarterly 1(4) :
137
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spear thistle
[n/a]
Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986) , Asteraceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2 :
582, Fig. 82C
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Cnicus lanceolatus ( L.) Willd.
legitimate
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Lander, N.S. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987) , Asteraceae. Flora of the Perth Region 2 :
670-671
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Murray, L. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992) , Cirsium. Flora of New South Wales 3 :
322, pl.11
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Green, P.S. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (1994) , Norfolk Island & Lord Howe Island. Flora of Australia 49 :
366
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Carduus lanceolatus L.
legitimate
Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T.P., Christophel, D.C., Gray, B., Elick, R.W. & Ford, A.J. (1999) , Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs. Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs :
57
[secondary reference]
Jeanes, J.A. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999) , Asteraceae. Flora of Victoria 4 :
672, Fig. 128j
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Carduus lanceolatus L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Cirsium lanceolatum ( L.) Scop.
nom. illeg.
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Wheeler, J.R., Marchant, N.G. & Lewington, M. (2002) , Dicotyledons. Flora of the South West 2 :
501
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T.P., Christophel, D.C., Gray, B. & Elick, R.W. (2003) , Australian tropical rain forest plants. Trees, Shrubs and Vines :
Code 3467
[secondary reference]
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008) , Australian Plant Census :
-
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Carduus lanceolatus L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Cirsium lanceolatum ( L.) Scop.
nom. illeg.
taxonomic synonym:
Cnicus lanceolatus ( L.) Willd.
legitimate
APC Dist.:
WA (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), LHI (naturalised), NI (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011) , Australian Plant Census :
-
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Carduus lanceolatus L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Cirsium lanceolatum ( L.) Scop.
nom. illeg.
taxonomic synonym:
Cnicus lanceolatus ( L.) Willd.
legitimate
isonym:
Cirsium vulgare ( Savi) Airy Shaw
isonym
misapplication:
Cirsium lanceolatum Hill
nom. illeg.
by Domin, K. (1930) , Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89) : 1241
APC Dist.:
WA (naturalised), NT (doubtfully naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), LHI (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)
Bean, A.R. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (2015) , Asteraceae Subfam. 2. Carduoideae Trib. 1. Cardueae. Flora of Australia 37 :
58-59, Plate 3 , map
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Carduus lanceolatus L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Cirsium lanceolatum ( L.) Scop.
nom. illeg.
taxonomic synonym:
Cnicus lanceolatus ( L.) Willd.
legitimate
common name:
Scotch Thistle
[n/a]
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
Barrett, Russell & Tay, Eng Pin (2016) , Perth Plants: a Field Guide to the Bushland and Coastal Flora of Kings Park and Bold Park Edn. 2 :
268-269, photos 14-17
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spear Thistle
[n/a]
de Salas, M.F. & Baker, M.L. (2016) , Tasmanian vascular plant census. A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island :
11, 12
[secondary reference]
taxonomic synonym:
Carduus lanceolatus L.
legitimate
misapplication:
Carduus pratensis Huds.
legitimate
by Rodway, L. (1903) , The Tasmanian Flora : 96
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (31 July 2018) , Australian Plant Census :
-
APC
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Carduus vulgaris Savi
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Carduus lanceolatus L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Cirsium lanceolatum ( L.) Scop.
nom. illeg.
taxonomic synonym:
Cnicus lanceolatus ( L.) Willd.
legitimate
isonym:
Cirsium vulgare ( Savi) Airy Shaw
isonym
misapplication:
Carduus pratensis Huds.
legitimate
by Rodway, L. (1903) , The Tasmanian Flora : 96
misapplication:
Cirsium lanceolatum Hill
nom. illeg.
by Domin, K. (1930) , Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89) : 1241
APC Dist.:
WA (naturalised), NT (doubtfully naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), LHI (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)