Vascular Plants Australian Plant Name Index (APNI)

The Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) is a tool for the botanical community that deals with plant names and their usage in the scientific literature, whether as a current name or synonym. APNI does not recommend any particular taxonomy or nomenclature. For a listing of currently accepted scientific names for the Australian vascular flora, please use the Australian Plant Census (APC) link above.

Name search
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name

You will get suggestions as you type in your query, they tell you what your query will return, and you can select one for an exact match.
The query is not case sensitive.
This search uses an automatic wild card at the end of the query to match all endings (unless the query is in double quotes).
The query is an ordered set of search terms, so viola l. will match "Viola L." and "Viola L. sect Viola."
Putting double quotes around your entire query will cause it to be matched exactly (except case). e.g. "Viola L." will match just Viola L.
You can use a % as a wild card inside the search query e.g. hakea elon% be or "hakea % var. elon% benth." to find "Hakea ceratophylla var. elongata Benth."

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Pick the types of name to include. If none are checked, then Scientific and cultivated plant names will be included.

Scientific names

Names of cultivated plants

Other names, e.g. common

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The total number of results available will also be displayed.

Showing Verbena officinalis

Verbenaceae J.St.-Hil.

APC
Plantae(reg.)
Charophyta(div.)
Equisetopsida(cl.)
Magnoliidae(subcl.)
Asteranae(superordo)
Lamiales(ordo)
Verbenaceae(fam.)
Verbena(gen.)
officinalis(sp.)

Verbena officinalis L.

, legitimate

, scientific

Linnaeus, C. (1 May 1753), Species Plantarum 1

:

20

[tax. nov.]

Type: "Habitat in Europae mediterraneae ruderatis."

Brown, R. (27 March 1810), Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum quas annis 1802-1805

:

514

[secondary reference]

Brown, R. in Flinders, M. (1814), General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the Botany of Terra Australis.

A Voyage to Terra Australis

2, Appendix III

:

-

[secondary reference]

Sprengel, C.P.J. (1825), Systema Vegetabilium Edn. 17, 2

:

750

[secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (20 October 1853), First general report of the Government Botanist on the vegetation of the colony.

Victoria - Parliamentary Papers- Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly

:

16

[secondary reference]

Hooker, J.D. (29 December 1859), Introductory Essay.

The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. Discovery ships Erebus and Terror. III. Flora Tasmaniae

:

xlvi

[secondary reference]

Tate, R. (1880), A Census of the Indigenous Flowering Plants and Ferns of Extra-Tropical South Australia.

Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia

:

78

[secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (1881), Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania

:

25

[secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882), Systematic Census of Australian Plants

:

102

[secondary reference]

Rodway, L. (1903), The Tasmanian Flora

:

146

BHL

[secondary reference]

Maiden, J.H. (1904), The Flora of Norfolk Island. Part i.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales

:

712

[secondary reference]

Dixon, W.A. (1906), The Plants of New South Wales

:

237

[secondary reference]

Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants

:

382

[secondary reference]

common name:

Common Vervain

[n/a]

Laing, R.M. (1915), A revised list of the Norfolk Island flora, with some notes on the species.

Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute

:

36

[secondary reference]

Fitzgerald, W.V. (1918), The Botany of the Kimberleys, north-west Australia.

Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia

:

153

[secondary reference]

Black, J.M. (December 1926), Meliaceae - Scrophulariaceae.

Flora of South Australia

:

479

[secondary reference]

common name:

Common Vervain

[n/a]

Domin, K. (September 1928), Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens.

Bibliotheca Botanica

:

1106

[secondary reference]

Black, J.M. & Robertson, E.L. (1957), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 4

:

720

[secondary reference]

common name:

Common Vervain

[n/a]

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains

:

415

[secondary reference]

common name:

Vervain

[n/a]

common name:

Common Verbena

[n/a]

Moldenke, H.N. (1964), Materials toward a monograph of the genus Verbena. XX.

:

194-236

[secondary reference]

Curtis, W.M. (1967), Angiospermae: Plumbaginaceae to Salicaceae.

The Student's Flora of Tasmania

:

541-542

[secondary reference]

common name:

Vervain

[n/a]

Chippendale, G.M. (17 April 1972), Check List of Northern Territory Plants.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales

:

256

BHL

[secondary reference]

Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. & Leigh, J.H. (1981), Plants of Western New South Wales

:

569

[secondary reference]

common name:

European Verbein

[n/a]

common name:

Purple-top

[n/a]

common name:

Blue-top

[n/a]

common name:

Common Vervein

[n/a]

common name:

Vervein

[n/a]

common name:

Common Verbena

[n/a]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales

:

209

[secondary reference]

Munir, A.A. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Verbenaceae.

Flora of Central Australia

:

296, Fig. 390

[secondary reference]

common name:

Common verbena

[n/a]

Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Verbenaceae.

Flora of South-eastern Queensland

:

368

[secondary reference]

common name:

Common Verbena

[n/a]

Dunlop, C.R. (1987), Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northern Territory.

Technical Report: Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory

:

80

[secondary reference]

Conn, B.J. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Verbenaceae.

Flora of New South Wales

:

613-614

[secondary reference]

common name:

Common Verbena

[n/a]

Green, P.S. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (1994), Norfolk Island & Lord Howe Island.

Flora of Australia

:

315

[misapplied]

misapplied to: Verbena litoralis Kunth legitimate by

Maiden, J.H. (1904), The Flora of Norfolk Island. Part i.

Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales

28(4)

: 712

[misapplied]

misapplied to: Verbena litoralis Kunth legitimate by

Laing, R.M. (1915), A revised list of the Norfolk Island flora, with some notes on the species.

Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute

47

: 36

Conn, B.J. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Verbenaceae.

Flora of Victoria

:

416, Fig. 80g

[secondary reference]

common name:

Common Verbena

[n/a]

Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T.P., Christophel, D.C., Gray, B., Elick, R.W. & Ford, A.J. (1999), Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs.

Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs

:

91

[secondary reference]

Munir, A.A. (28 May 2002), A taxonomic revision of the genus Verbena L. (Verbenaceae) in Australia.

Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens

:

76-78

[secondary reference]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2006), Australian Plant Census

:

-

[misapplied]

misapplied to: Verbena macrostachya F.Muell. legitimate by

Munir, A.A. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Verbenaceae.

Flora of Central Australia

: 296, Fig. 390

National Herbarium of New South Wales (2007), PlantNET Flora of New South Wales Online

:

-

APC

[secondary reference]

common name:

Vervain

[n/a]

common name:

Common Verbena

[n/a]

APC Comment: Infraspecific taxa not recognised in SA and Tas.
APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), Vic (native and naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

de Salas, M.F. & Baker, M.L. (2016), Tasmanian vascular plant census.

A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island

:

81

[secondary reference]