Algae Australian Algae Name Index (AANI)

Showing Gymnodinium catenatum
Gymnodiniaceae
Gymnodinium catenatum H.W.Graham , legitimate, scientific
Graham, H.W. (1943), Gymnodinium catenatum, a new dinoflagellate from the Gulf of California. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 62: 259-262, figs 1,2 [tax. nov.]
  • Type locality: Gulf of California, Mexico
Hallegraeff, G.M., Steffensen, D.A. & Wetherbee, R. (1998), The estuarine Australian dinoflagellates that can produce paralytic shellfish toxins. J. Plankton Res 10: 531–541 [secondary reference]
Bolch, C.J.S. & Reynolds, M.J. (2002), Species resolution and global distribution of microreticulate dinoflagellate cysts. J. Plankton Res 24: 565–578 [secondary reference]
Harlow, L.D., Koutoulis, A. & Hallegraeff, G.M. (2007), S-adenosylmethionine synthetase genes from eleven marine dinoflagellates. Phycologia Edn. 1, 46: - [secondary reference]
  • APC Comment: R.Cowan (2008) uses this taxon concept.
ABRS (2008), Australian Algal Name Index Edn. 2008: - [secondary reference]
  • Comment: Note: records of this taxon in SW Western Australian ports is incorrect. The cysts the records rely on are not this taxon.
  • AMANI dist.: Tasmania, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Mexico, Argentina, Japan, New Zealand
  • Habitat: Neritic
  • Habit: Toxic strains
Hallegraeff, G.M., Bolch, C.J.S., Huisman, J.M. & de Salas, M.F. (2010), Planktonic dinoflagellates. Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters: 145–212 [secondary reference]
McMinn, A., Bolch, C.J.S., de Salas, M.F. & Hallegraeff, G.M. (2010), Recent dinoflagellate cysts. Algae of Australia: Phytoplankton of Temperate Coastal Waters: 260–292 [secondary reference]
Adjani, P., Ingleton, T., Pritchard, T. & Armand, L. (2011), Microalgal blooms in the coastal waters of New South Wales, Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 133: 15–31 [secondary reference]
McCarthy, P. (Comp.) (2012), Census of Australian Marine Dinoflagellates: - AAL [secondary reference]
  • Comment: Sediment cyst evidence suggests G. catenatum was introduced into Tasmanian waters in c. 1973 and began to cause blooms in the Huon River, d’Entrecasteaux Channel and River Derwent after 1980, the most serious in 1993. This species was first seen off Lorne (Vic.) in 1993, at Port Lincoln (S.A.) in 1996, and in the Hawkesbury (1997) and off Bega (N.S.W.) in 2002 [Hallegraeff et al., 2010]
  • Distribution: N.S.W., Vic., Tas. (E and S coasts, from Georges Bay to Port Davey), S.A.
  • Ex.distribution: Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Venezuela, U.S.A. (Washington, California), Spain, Portugal, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Japan, western Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, Mexico (Pacific coast)