Vascular Plants
Australian Plant Name Index (APNI)
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The Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) is a tool for the botanical community that deals with plant names and their usage in the scientific literature, whether as a current name or synonym. APNI does not recommend any particular taxonomy or nomenclature. For a listing of currently accepted scientific names for the Australian vascular flora, please use the Australian Plant Census (APC) link above.
Violaceae Batsch
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell.
, legitimate , scientific
Mueller, F.J.H. von (1876) , Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 10(85) :
81
[comb. nov.]
basionym:
Viola enneasperma L.
legitimate
Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882) , Systematic Census of Australian Plants :
6, 141
[secondary reference]
Mueller, F.J.H. von (December 1889) , Second Systematic Census of Australian Plants :
11
[secondary reference]
Dixon, W.A. (1906) , The Plants of New South Wales :
38
[alternative name]
alternative name:
Ionidium suffruticosum ( L.) Schult.
legitimate
Black, J.M. (December 1926) , Meliaceae - Scrophulariaceae. Flora of South Australia 3 :
394
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Ionidium enneaspermum ( L.) Vent.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium suffruticosum ( L.) Schult.
legitimate
Domin, K. (1928) , Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89) :
982
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Viola enneasperma L.
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Ionidium enneaspermum ( L.) Vent.
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Calceolaria enneasperma ( L.) Kuntze
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Viola suffruticosa L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium suffruticosum ( L.) Schult.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Hybanthus suffruticosus ( L.) Baill. ex Laness.
legitimate
Domin, K. (1928) , Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89) :
984
[pro parte misapplied]
pro parte misapplied to:
Hybanthus aurantiacus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell.
legitimate
by Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882) , Systematic Census of Australian Plants : 6, 141
Black, J.M. (1952) , Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 3 :
590, Fig. 776
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Ionidium enneaspermum ( L.) Vent.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium suffruticosum ( L.) Schult.
legitimate
Jacobs, M. & Moore, D.M. (1971) , Violaceae. Flora Malesiana Series I 7(1) :
197-198
[secondary reference]
Bennett, E.M. (14 November 1972) , A revision of the Australian species of Hybanthus Jacquin (Violaceae). Nuytsia 1(3) :
227
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Viola enneasperma L.
legitimate
Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981) , Plants of New South Wales :
210
[secondary reference]
Adams, L.G. & George, A.S. in George, A.S. (ed.) (1982) , Violaceae. Flora of Australia 8 :
102-103
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Viola enneasperma L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Viola suffruticosa L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium suffruticosum ( L.) Schult.
legitimate
Green, J.W. (1985) , Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia Edn. 2 :
118
[secondary reference]
Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986) , Violaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2 :
100
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Viola enneasperma L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium suffruticosum ( L.) Schult.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Hybanthus suffruticosus ( L.) Baill. ex Laness.
legitimate
common name:
Spade Flower
[n/a]
Dunlop, C.R. (1987) , Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northern Territory. Technical Report: Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory 26 :
80
[secondary reference]
James, T.A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1990) , Violaceae. Flora of New South Wales 1 :
440
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spade Flower
[n/a]
Koch, B.L. in Wheeler, J.R. (ed.) (1992) , Violaceae. Flora of the Kimberley Region :
242-243, Fig. 68B
[secondary reference]
Harden, G.J. & Murray, L.J. in Harden, G.J. & Murray, L.J. (ed.) (2000) , Flora of New South Wales Supplement 1 :
60
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus
legitimate
James, T.A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (2000) , Violaceae. Flora of New South Wales Revised Edition 1 :
440
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spade Flower
[n/a]
Jessup, L.W. (22 April 2002) , Flora of South-eastern Queensland Volume 2 Changes to names or status of taxa :
-
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus
legitimate
Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004) , Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest :
550
[secondary reference]
common name:
Spade Flower
[n/a]
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2005) , Australian Plant Census :
-
[secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym:
Viola enneasperma L.
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell. f. enneaspermus
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Viola suffruticosa L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Pigea banksiana Ging. ex DC.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium suffruticosum ( L.) Schult.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium banksianum (Ging. ex DC.) Steud.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus f. angustifolius Domin
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus var. banksianus (Ging. ex DC.) Domin
legitimate
APC Dist.:
WA, NT, Qld, NSW
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2005) , Australian Plant Census :
-
[misapplied]
misapplied to:
Hybanthus aurantiacus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell.
legitimate
by Black, J.M. (1952) , Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 3 : 590, Fig. 776
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2010) , Australian Plant Census :
-
[secondary reference]
orthographic variant:
Hybanthus enncaspermus F.Muell.
orth. var.
nomenclatural synonym:
Viola enneasperma L.
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Calceolaria enneasperma ( L.) Kuntze
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell. f. enneaspermus
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus
legitimate
nomenclatural synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Viola suffruticosa L.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium suffruticosum ( L.) Schult.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Pigea banksiana Ging. ex DC.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Ionidium banksianum (Ging. ex DC.) Steud.
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus f. angustifolius Domin
legitimate
taxonomic synonym:
Hybanthus enneaspermus var. banksianus (Ging. ex DC.) Domin
legitimate
APC Dist.:
WA, NT, Qld, NSW
Flicker, B.J. & Ballard, H.E. (2015) , Afrohybanthus (Violaceae), a new genus for a distinctive and widely distributed Old World hybanthoid lineage. Phytotaxa 230(1) :
47
[nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of:
Afrohybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) Flicker
legitimate
Bostock, P.D. & Holland, A.E. (August 2017) , Appendix A: New names and name and status changes 2016 census to 2017 census. Introduction to the Census of the Queensland Flora 2017 :
25
[nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of:
Afrohybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) Flicker
legitimate
Forster, P.I. (24 March 2021) , Reinstatement of Pigea Ging., an earlier generic name for the spade flowers previously included in Afrohybanthus Flicker (Violaceae). Austrobaileya 11 :
29
[nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of:
Pigea enneasperma ( L.) P.I.Forst.
legitimate
Percy-Bower, J.M. & Parker, C.M. (24 June 2021) , Updates to Western Australia’s vascular plant census for 2020. Nuytsia 32 :
12
[nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of:
Afrohybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) Flicker
legitimate
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (7 July 2021) , Australian Plant Census :
-
[nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of:
Afrohybanthus enneaspermus ( L.) Flicker
legitimate
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (7 July 2021) , Australian Plant Census :
-
[misapplied]
misapplied to:
Afrohybanthus aurantiacus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Flicker
legitimate
by Black, J.M. (1952) , Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 3 : 590, Fig. 776